Amidst Sino-India tensions, biggest-ever navy participation in Ex Malabar

By Ajai Shukla

Business Standard, 11th July 17

With Indian and Chinese troops locked in confrontation in disputed territory along their border, the Indian Navy is turning out in unprecedented strength in the India-US-Japan naval exercise, Malabar, in the Bay of Bengal from July 10-17.

Nine Indian warships, including aircraft carrier, INS Vikramaditya, and a Kilo-class submarine will join American and Japanese warships in an annual exercise that is all about operational preparation against China’s increasingly aggressive navy.

In the largest-ever Malabar exercise in 2007, 26 warships had taken part, including eight Indian and 13 US Navy warships, two from the so-called Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF), and two Australian and one Singaporean vessel.

While this year’s Malabar will involve only 17 warships– nine less than 2007 – the Indian Navy will field one warship more than it did that year. In addition, Malabar will witness the participation of 95 aircraft.

After Malabar 2007 (which was held twice that year) China officially conveyed its displeasure, seeking to know whom the defence preparations were directed against.

Beijing resents the coming together in Malabar of what has been termed an “Alliance of Democracies” in Asia. Besides India, Japan and the US, this includes Australia and Singapore.

During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s first visit to Washington in September 2014, New Delhi and Washington “agreed to upgrade their existing bilateral exercise Malabar”. This was repeated during President Barack Obama’s January 2015 to New Delhi. Despite these intentions, the 2015 and 2016 Malabar exercises involved only four Indian ships. This year, significantly, Indian participation has more than doubled.

Australia has officially sought to participate in Malabar, but this year Canberra will send only an “observer delegation”. In multilateral exercises, observer participation is very often a step towards full-scale participation later.

“Last year, Malabar became a trilateral exercise, with Japan’s inclusion. It is likely to become a quadrilateral exercise, with Australia’s inclusion, perhaps as early as next year”, says an Indian official, requesting anonymity.

“Naval co-operation between India, US and Japan epitomises the strong and resilient relationship between the three democracies. The Malabar series of exercises, initiated in 1992 between the Indian and US Navies, have steadily grown in scope, complexity and participation into a multifaceted exercise with the participation of Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF)”, said a defence ministry release today.

The ministry has divulged that India will field “aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya with its air wing, guided missile destroyer Ranvir, indigenous stealth frigates Shivalik and Sahyadri, indigenous ASW corvette Kamorta, missile corvettes Kora andKirpan, one Sindhughosh class submarine, fleet tanker INS Jyoti and Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft P8I.” 

           

The US Navy will field the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz, Ticonderoga-class cruiser USS Princeton, Arleigh Burke-class destroyers USS Kidd, Howard and Shoup, a Los Angeles-class attack submarine and one Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft P8A.

The JMSDF will be represented by JS Izumo, a “helicopter carrier” larger than some aircraft carriers, which can operate vertical take off and landing (VTOL) fighters like the F-35B Lightening II. Japan is also fielding the missile destroyer, JS Sazanami.

The exercise will start with a “harbour phase”, involving joint planning, till Thursday. From Friday to next Monday, the “sea phase” will practice the full range of aircraft carrier, surface and submarine operations.

Meanwhile, Indian and US Special Forces and bomb disposal teams will exercise together at the marine commando base, INS Karna, in Visakhapatnam.

“The primary aim of this exercise is to increase interoperability amongst the three navies as well as develop common understanding and procedures for maritime security operations”, stated the defence ministry.

Malabar: India’s biggest-ever presence

Year	India	US	Japan	Others	Total	Aircraft carriers	Remarks
2005	4	4	-	-	8	-
2006	5	5	-	1	11	2	One Canadian vessel
2007 - 1	5	7	4	-	16	-
2007 - 2	8	13	2	3	26	3	Two Australian and one Singaporean vessel
2008	6	6	-	-	12	1
2009	3	4	2	-	9	-
2010	5	5	-	-	10	-
2011	5	7	-	-	12	-
2012	5	5	-	-	10	-
2013	2	1	-	-	3	-
2014	3	5	2	-	10	-
2015	4	3	1	-	8	1
2016	4	5	1	-	10	1*	Japan’s JS Hyuga, a helicopter carrier, also participated
2017	9	6	2	-	17	2*	Japan’s JS Izumo, a helicopter carrier, also participated

* Japan’s helicopter carriers embark vertical take off/landing fighter aircraft

Figures from 2005-2015 courtesy Shashank Joshi (@shashj)